Constructing the name of a hydrocarbon from its structure
The name of a hydrocarbon can be divided into three parts (prefix + stem + suffix).
The stem is defined by the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain (including carbon-carbon multiple bonds if present).
The suffix for hydrocarbon molecules depends on the presence or absence of multiple bonds in the longest chain.
The position of a multiple bond is shown by -number- between the stem and the suffix. That number is referred to as the locator.
Numbering carbon atoms in the chain for alkenes and alkynes: C-1 is the end of the chain closest to the unsaturation. The number used in the name is the lower of the two numbers of a pair of multiply bonded carbons (for example, CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 is pent-1-ene).
The stem is defined by the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain (including carbon-carbon multiple bonds if present).
| Number of carbons | stem | Number of carbons | stem |
| 1 | meth | 5 | pent |
| 2 | eth | 6 | hex |
| 3 | prop | 7 | hept |
| 4 | but | 8 | oct |
Counting carbon atoms: Consider the five representations of the same molecule shown below. In each case the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain is four. This is easily seen for the two representations at the right-hand end. Roll your mouse over the first three structures to see that it is true for these also.
 |  |  |
| (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 | CH3CH2CH(CH3)2 | |
| suffix | |
| saturated | ane |
| 1 or more C=C | ene |
| 1 or more C≡C | yne |
The position of a multiple bond is shown by -number- between the stem and the suffix. That number is referred to as the locator.
Numbering carbon atoms in the chain for alkenes and alkynes: C-1 is the end of the chain closest to the unsaturation. The number used in the name is the lower of the two numbers of a pair of multiply bonded carbons (for example, CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 is pent-1-ene).