Structure from names

Drawing the structure from the name of a compound is the reverse of naming. For compounds having the functional groups in the table at the right the following statements can be made:

1. The base name of the compound indicates
   
   the structure of the functional group.
   
   the number of carbons in the chain with the parent functional group, whether they are in a ring or chain and the presence of unsaturation.
    
2. the position of the functional group in the chain.
   It is not necessary to designate the location of the functional group in aldehydes, esters, amides and carboxylic acids, as the C=O carbon in these compounds is always C-1.
   
    
3. Prefixes to the base name indicate the presence of substituents and their position. The carbon bearing the functional group is given the lowest possible number.