Highlighting the parts of the name

functional group	ending
alkane (RH) alkene (R₂C=CR₂) alkyne (RC≡CR)	ane ene yne
amide (RCONH₂)	amide
alcohol (ROH)	ol
aldehyde (RCHO)	al
ketone (RCOR)	one
acid (RCO₂H)	oic acid

CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
propan-1-ol
three carbon chain (prop)
saturated (an)
alcohol (ol)

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₃
hept-3-ene
seven carbon chain (hept)
alkene (ene)

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO
five carbon chain(pent)
saturated (an)
aldehyde (al)
pentanal

The number associated with functional groups in the middle of a chain is often given in textbooks at the beginning of the name for simple compounds such as these. This is not consistent with the latest IUPAC rules (1993). It becomes important to place the number (locant) as close as possible to the group which it locates to make the names of more complicated compounds unambiguous.

chain length	stem	chain length	stem
1	meth	6	hex
2	eth	7	hept
3	prop	8	oct
4	but	9	non
5	pent	10	dec