The table below shows the common oxidation states and species in these oxidation states for the first row elements in
d-block.
It can be seen that +2 and +3 oxidation states are common for this group of elements.
All members of this group (except for scandium) form compounds in which they exist as M2+.
+2 is the maximum common oxidation state for nickel, copper and zinc.
M3+ ions are common for transition metals up to and including cobalt.
+3 is the maximum common oxidation state for iron and cobalt.
The first five
d-block elements have their maximum oxidation state equal to their column number counting from left to right across the row.
If you use the Group 1-18 numbering of the periodic table, the maximum oxidation state for these elements is equal to the group number.
Oxidation states can be depicted using either Roman numerals or signed numbers.
Roman numerals are used below for oxidation states where the metal in that oxidation state only exists in ions or compounds where it is bonded to more electronegative elements.
column
(group) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| symbol | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn |
| +7 | | | | | Mn(VII)
MnO4– | | | | | |
| +6 | | | | Cr(VI)
CrO3
Cr2O72–, CrO42– | Mn(VI)
MnO42– | | | | | |
| +5 | | | V(V)
V2O5, VO2+ | | | | | | | |
| +4 | | Ti(IV) | V(IV)
VO2, VO2+ | | Mn(IV)
MnO2 | | | | | |
| +3 | Sc3+ | Ti3+ | V3+ | Cr3+ | | Fe3+ | Co3+ | | | |
| +2 | | Ti2+ | V2+ | Cr2+ | Mn2+ | Fe2+ | Co2+ | Ni2+ | Cu2+ | Zn2+ |
| +1 | | | | | | | | | Cu+ | |