Connecting shell occupancy with row (period) numberThe maximum number of electrons in each of the first three energy levels (shells) for the first twenty elements corresponds to the number of elements in rows (periods 1,2 and 3 of the periodic table.
| 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1H | | 2He |
| 3Li | 4Be | | 5B | 6C | 7N | 8O | 9F | 10Ne |
| 11Na | 12Mg | 13Al | 14Si | 15P | 16S | 17Cl | 18Ar |
| 19K | 20Ca | 21Sc | 22Ti | 23V | 24Cr | 25Mn | 26Fe | 27Co | 28Ni | 29Cu | 30Zn | 31Ga | 32Ge | 33As | 34Se | 35Br | 36Kr |
The first four periods (rows) of the periodic table are shown.
These contain many important elements.
| Shell 1: 2 electrons | Period 1: 2 elements |
| Shell 2: 8 electrons | Period 2: 8 elements |
| Shell 3: 8 electrons | Period 3: 8 elements |
In the ground (lowest energy) state for any atom, the electrons on the atom occupy the lowest energy levels (shells) available.
Elements in the
same period have their
outer electrons in the
same shell.
Row 1 elements have either 1 or 2 electrons.
All electrons are in energy level 1 (shell 1).
Row 2 elements have between 3 and 10 electrons.
Two electrons are energy level 1 (shell 1); the rest are in energy level 2 (shell 2).
Row 3 elements have between 11 and 18 electrons.
Two electrons are in energy level l (shell 1).
Eight electrons are in energy level 2 (shell 2).
The remaining electrons are in energy level 3 (shell 3).